Rosh Hashana 2:7 — The Declaration of the New Month

The Lived Mishnah·A Zeman Nakat Project
Mesechta Rosh Hashana
Mishnah 16 of 35
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MoedSederסדרמוֹעֵד
Rosh HashanaMesechtaמסכתראש השנה
2Perekפרקב׳
7Mishnahמשנהז׳
נושא · Topicמְקֻדָּשׁ מְקֻדָּשׁThe Declaration of the New Month
This Mishnah is:a procedure · with a machlokeswhat does that mean?
Mishnah ראש השנה ב׳:ז׳ · Rosh Hashana 2:7
רֹאשׁ בֵּית דִּין אוֹמֵר מְקֻדָּשׁ,
וְכָל הָעָם עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו מְקֻדָּשׁ מְקֻדָּשׁ.
בֵּין שֶׁנִּרְאָה בִזְמַנּוֹ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא נִרְאָה בִזְמַנּוֹ,
מְקַדְּשִׁין אוֹתוֹ.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר,
אִם לֹא נִרְאָה בִזְמַנּוֹ,
אֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין אוֹתוֹ,
שֶׁכְּבָר קִדְּשׁוּהוּ שָׁמָיִם:
The head of beis din declares: Mekudash — it is sanctified —
and all the people answer after him: Mekudash, mekudash.
Whether it was seen at its proper time or was not seen at its proper time,
they sanctify it.
Rabbi Elazar b'Rabbi Tzadok says:
If it was not seen at its proper time,
they do not sanctify it,
for heaven has already sanctified it.
A reading aid, not an exact translation.

This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.

case/objectrestrictive rulingpermissive rulingTannareasoncondition
Structure
The shape of it
רֹאשׁ בֵּית דִּיןמְקֻדָּשׁמְקֻדָּשׁ מְקֻדָּשׁand all the people answer after him, doubled
Summary Chart
The Declaration of the New Month
CaseRulingReason
The witnesses have been accepted — what happens next?The head of beis din says Mekudash, and the people answer Mekudash, mekudash
Nobody saw the moon, so the thirty-first day is Rosh Chodesh on its own — is the declaration still made?Tanna Kamma: Yes, either way
R' Elazar b'R' Tzadok: Noheaven has already sanctified that day
Transcript
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.

This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.

הֲדַרָן עֲלָךְ מַסֶּכֶת רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה
A siyum · Mesechta Rosh Hashana

You have learned every Mishnah of Rosh Hashana — all 43 steps, from the four new years through the tefillos of the day. Hadran alach: we will return to you.