Rosh Hashana 2:1 — Testimony Only From Witnesses They Know
The Lived Mishnah·A Zeman Nakat Project
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Mishnah ראש השנה ב׳:א׳ · Rosh Hashana 2:1
אִם אֵינָן מַכִּירִין אוֹתוֹ, מְשַׁלְּחִין אַחֵר עִמּוֹ לַהֲעִידוֹ.
בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְקַבְּלִין עֵדוּת הַחֹדֶשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם.
מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין,
הִתְקִינוּ
שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ מְקַבְּלִין אֶלָּא מִן הַמַּכִּירִים:
If they do not recognize him — they send another with him to testify about him.
Originally they would accept edus hachodesh — the testimony on the new moon — from any person.
Once the minim corrupted it,
they enacted
that they would not accept it except from those they knew.
A reading aid, not an exact translation.
This English is a clause-by-clause rendering to help you follow the Hebrew. It is not word-for-word literal, and it is not a transcript of the recorded shiur — the audio carries explanation and context the translation deliberately leaves out.
case/objectrestrictive rulingpermissive rulingreason
Structure
The shape of it▾
Summary Chart
Testimony Only From Witnesses They Know▾
| Case | Ruling | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| A man saw the new moon and beis din has never laid eyes on him — may he testify? | Yes — his own beis din sends another along to vouch for him | — |
| Who could once come and testify about the new moon? | Anyone at all | — |
| And after the minim bought witnesses to force Rosh Chodesh onto Shabbos? | Only men beis din knows | — |
Transcript
A machine transcript of the recorded shiur.
This is the shiur as spoken, transcribed automatically and left unedited — the wording is Ephraim's, and occasional transcription errors remain. It follows the audio word by word.
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